References

• Ahlqvist et al, (2008). Social media roadmaps exploring the futures triggered by social media, VTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (2454): 13.
• Alec Sithole, Missouri et al, (2019). Expectations, Challenges and Suggestions for Faculty Teaching Online Courses in Higher Education. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 9(1), January-March 2019.
• Andreas Gegenfurtner, Bernhard Schmidt-Hertha and Paul Lewis, (2020) in
• Boling, C. J., & Martin, S. H. (2005). Supporting teacher change through online professional development The Journal of Educators Online, 2(1). Retrieved March 19, 2009, from
• Bonnes, C., Leiser, C., Schmidt-Hertha, B., Rott, K. J. and Hochholdinger, S. (2020), 'The relationship of trainers' media didactical competence and media didactical self-efficacy, attitudes and use of digital media', International Journal of Training and Development, 24, 1.
• Carolina Costa, Helena Alvelos, & Leonor Teixeira, (2019). Investigating the Use and Acceptance of Technologies by Professors in a Higher Education Institution. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 9(2).
• Caroline Bonnes et al, (2020) in
• Cooper, J. D. (2008). Professional development: An effective research-based model. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Supplemental Publishers. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from
• Dede, C. (2006). Online professional development for teachers. Harvard Education Letter, 22 (4) Retrieved April 27, 2009, from
• Dede, C., Ketelhut, D. J., Whitehouse, P., Breit, l., & McCloskey, E. M. (2009). A research agenda for online teacher professional development. Journal of Teacher Education, 60 (1), 8 -19.
• Dieu, D., & Stevens, V. (2007). Pedagogical affordances of syndication, aggregation, and mash-up of content on the web. TESL-EJ, 11(1), 1-15.
• Dowling-Hetherington, L., Glowatz, M., McDonald, E. and Dempsey, A. (2020), ‘Business students' experiences of technology tools and applications in higher education', International Journal of Training and Development, 24, 1.
• Ebner, C. and Gegenfurtner, A. (2019), ‘Learning and satisfaction in webinar, online, and faceto-face instruction: a meta-analysis', Frontiers in Education, 4, 92.
• Eduwen Friday Osamwonyi and, Ekiadolor-Benin (2016) in
• Esfandiari. (2012). Improving multi agent systems based on reinforcement: J. Cain, Online Social networking issues with in academia and pharmacy education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72, 10.
• Frederick, B.J.A., & Stephen, O.O., (2010). Teachers' Perceptions of Staff Development Programmes As It Relates to Teachers' Effectiveness: A Study of Rural Primary Schools' in Kenya, Educational Research & Review, 5(1).
• Freifeld, L. (2018), '2018 training industry report', Training, 55, 6, 18-31.
• Gabrielle T. Lee & Tzu-Fen Chang, (2019) in
• Gegenfurtner, A. and Ebner, C. (2019), 'Webinars in higher education and professional training: a meta- analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials', Educational Research Review, 28, 1, 100293.
• Gegenfurtner, A., Schwab, N. and Ebner, C. (2018),
• Gegenfurtner, A., Zitt, A. and Ebner, C. (2020), 'Evaluating webinar-based training: a mixed methods study on trainee reactions toward digital web conferencing', International Journal of Training and Development, 24, 1.
• Govinda Ishwar Lingam, (2012) in
• Guma, A., & Haolader. F. A, (2013). The role of ICTs to make teaching-learning effective in higher institutions of learning in Uganda. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2 (8), 4061-4073.
• Harwell, S. H. (2003). Teacher professional development: It's not an event, it's a process. Waco: CORD
• Hussain, I. (2004). A study of emerging technologies and their impact on teaching learning process and their impact on teaching learning process, 286.
• Insung Jung, (2001). Issues and Challenges of Providing Online Inservice Teacher Training: Korea's experience. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2(1).
• Irfan et al (2016)
• Khalid, S,et al, (2017) Social Media Technologies and Their Impact on Film making for Students' of Digital Media Specialization in College of Applied Sciences NIZWA. Gomal University Journal of Research (GUJR) Special Issue I ISSN 1019-8180 Pp 9-17.
• Khan et al, (2017)
• Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Kereluik, K., Shin, T. S. and Graham, C. R. (2014), ‘The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework', in J. M. Spector (ed), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (New York: Springer), pp. 101-11.
• Kraiger, K., Cavanagh, T. M. and Willis, C. M. G. (2020), 'Why do cognitive prompts hurt learning in older adults?', International Journal of Training and Development, 24, 1.
• Lattke, S. and Jütte, W. (eds). (2014), Professionalisation of Adult Educators: International and Comparative Perspectives (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Edition).
• Lawrence A. Tomei, Robert and Douglas Nelson, (2019)
• Long, S. (2001). Multimedia in the art curriculum: Crossing boundaries. Journal of Art and Design Education, 20 (3), 255-263.
• Lowther, D. L. (2008). Does technology integration work when key barriers are removed? Educational Media International, 45, 195-213.
• Mardani K, L. (2009). An examination of the relationship between the in-service trainings and the effectiveness of the staff (case study: Ahwaz Oil Company). Unpublished MA thesis, University of Tehran, Qom branch.
• Mishra, P. and Koehler, M. J. (2006), 'Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a framework for teacher knowledge', Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-54.
• Morrell, E., Duenas, R., Garcia, V., & Lopez, J. (2013). Youth and Critical media Production in 21st centurey. In Critical Media Pedagogy: Teaching for Achievement in City Schools. Columbia, New York: Teachers College Press.
• Noor, S. (2013). An effective use of ICTs for education and learning by drawing on worldwide knowledge, research and experience. ICTs as a Change Agent for Education, 1-13.
• Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (2015).
• Oberländer, M., Beinicke, A. and Bipp, T. (2020), 'Digital competencies: a review of the literature and applications in the workplace', Computers & Education, 146, 103752.
• Neil, R. (2006)
• Rohs, M., Bolten, R. and Kohl, J. (2020), 'Between adoption and rejection: attitudes of adult educators towards digitalization in Germany', International Journal of Training and Development, 24(1).
• Rohs, M., Schmidt-Hertha, B., Rott, K. and Bolten, R. (2019), 'Measurement of media pedagogical competences of adult educators', RELA - European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults. Prepublished. Available at (accessed 30 August 2019).
• Rohs, M., Schmidt-Hertha, B., Rott, K. J. and Bolten, R. (2019), ‘Measurement of media pedagogical competences of adult educators'. European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults, 10(3), 307-324,
• Galeshi, R. & Taimoory, H. R. (2019). Online Education: Influencing Teachers' Perception of Professionalism
• Schmidt-Hertha, B. & Rohs, M. (2018), Editorial: Medienpädagogik und Erwachsenenbildung. Medienpädagogik, 30, i-viii.
• Schmidt-Hertha, B., Rohs, M., Rott, K. J. and Bolten, R. (2017), 'Medienpädagogische Kompetenzanforderungen an Erwachsenenbildner/innen: Fit für die digitale (Lern-) Welt?', DIE Zeitschrift, 3, 35-37.
• Sedega, et al. (2019). Perception of Teachers on The Effectiveness of In-Service Education and Training at The Basic Schools in Akatsi District of Ghana. British Journal of Education, 7(1), 1-19.
• Strauch, A., Radtke, M. and Lupou, R. (2010), Flexible Pathways Towards Professionalization: Senior Adult Educators in Europe (Bielefeld, W. Bertelsmann).
• Thalhammer, V. (2014), 'E-learning: An Opportunity for Older Persons?', in B. Schmidt-Hertha, S. JelencKraÅ¡ovec and M. Formosa (eds), Learning across Generations in Europe. Contemporary Issues in Older Adult Education (Rotterdam, Boston, Taipei: Sense Publishers), pp. 47-58.
• Lim, T., Abas, Z. W., & Noriati Mansor, N. (2019). Online In-service Teacher Professional Development in Malaysia: A New Possibility
• tucker, V. (2019)