Purpose: The purpose of the correction policy is to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the published record. Corrections may be issued to address errors that affect the clarity, accuracy, or integrity of the published content.

Types of Corrections:

1. Erratum (Correction): Issued when there is an error made by the journal or publisher that affects the content of the article. This includes typographical errors, incorrect data, or factual inaccuracies that do not alter the conclusions of the study.
2. Corrigendum (Correction by Author): Issued when errors are identified by the author(s) that affect the content of the article. These corrections are usually published if they affect the article’s interpretation or validity.

1. Identification: Errors are identified through editorial review, author notification, or reader feedback.
2. Verification: The editorial team verifies the error and assesses the need for correction.
3. Publication: Corrections are published as an update to the original article, clearly indicating the nature of the correction. The original article is not altered but will be linked to the correction notice.

Visibility: Corrections are prominently displayed and linked to the original article. They are also indexed and made available in all relevant databases.

Purpose: The retraction policy addresses situations where an article must be withdrawn from the scientific record due to serious issues affecting its validity or ethical standards. Retractions aim to maintain the integrity of the academic record and ensure that erroneous or unethical content is not perpetuated.

Reasons for Retraction:

1. Scientific Misconduct: This includes issues such as plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification that significantly undermine the study’s credibility.
2. Ethical Concerns: Retraction may occur if an article is found to violate ethical standards, such as improper human or animal research practices.
3. Significant Errors: When errors are discovered that render the article’s conclusions invalid or misleading, and these errors cannot be corrected through a simple erratum or corrigendum.

1. Investigation: Retractions are considered after a thorough investigation, which may involve the authors, reviewers, and relevant institutional bodies.
2. Decision: The decision to retract an article is made by the editorial board based on the severity of the issue and in accordance with COPE guidelines.
3. Notification: The retraction notice is published, detailing the reason for retraction and clearly stating that the article should not be considered part of the scientific record. The original article remains available but is marked as retracted.
4. Correction of Record: The retraction notice is linked to the original article and is also indexed in all relevant databases to ensure that readers are aware of the retraction.

Visibility: Retraction notices are made publicly available and accessible, ensuring that the reasons for retraction are transparent. They are indexed and linked to the original article for clarity.

GESR adheres to the highest ethical standards as outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). We are committed to ensuring that all corrections and retractions are handled with transparency and integrity to maintain the trust of the academic community.

For Further Information: For additional details on our correction and retraction policies, or if you have concerns about a published article, please contact the editorial office at [contact information].