Abstract

The purpose of this research study was to highlight the importance of online social media sources in English language vocabulary development at university level. The study was descriptive in nature that is why self-developed questionnaire was used for the collection of data as a research instrument.  Population of the study was all the master level students enrolled in session 2015-16 of social sciences and pure sciences in public sector universities, and sample size of the present study was eight hundred students of four public sector universities of southern districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Similarly, the data which was collected from the given sample of population was arranged, coded, analyzed, and tabulated through SPSS version 24. Statistical tools which were used for analysis of the present data were percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, and one way ANOVA post hoc. Result of the study showed positive effect.

Key Words

University level learners, Access to Social media, English language Vocabulary

Introduction

Learning from various online social media sites is very important because it develops the creative power of the learners and increases their level of understanding while reading new words of vocabulary, watching new images, and listening of sounds and pronunciation styles of various native and non-native speakers of English language (khan et al, 2016).  Media use is not only useful for English language learners but also for those teachers who teach English to because the English teachers may get help from socials media sources like new methods of teaching English, new words of vocabulary, new styles, and similarly, various online workshops and seminars which are helpful for them regarding English language teaching to university level learners. Teachers get help from online sources and then they use these new trends in education on their students (Aydin, 2012). Thorne (2010) suggested the reason of social media familiarity is that social media is used to develop relationship through online communication and online. It is used to maintain relationship and is used for social interaction. The various social media sources are used for variety of purposes like classroom activities, social interaction, social awareness, and familiarity. Similarly, it is used for sharing of information and other necessary posts and pictures (Facer & Abdous, 2011). Social media sources like Facebook facilitate the learners and help them in learning process. As Yu, Tian, Vogel and Kwok (2010) also described the role of social networking that social media sources and especially the online social networking are the sources of autonomous learning and self-initiated learning. it is that source which makes them able improve their vocabulary and share their views and maintain personal links with others. Similarly, a large amount of vocabulary grammatical knowledge is there available on internet the learners may download various topics and grammatical rules and then they may share it with other friends and class-fellows for their extension of knowledge and information about that topic or field of interest through the help of social media source like Facebook (Valentine & Repath-Martos, 1997).  As it is mentioned above the features and advantages of social media tool Facebook in English as foreign language learning i.e. writing assignments, sharing of information, development of vocabulary, and so many other benefits the other important one is that it builds positive attitudes of students. Shih (2011) described in his experimental study that the use of Facebook in English language learning plays an important role and said that it develops the positive attitudes of the English learners besides another advantages of social media sources in English language learning.  Similarly, Another study which was conducted by Al-Shehri (2011) on male university level students highlighted that social media sources like Facebook plays an important role in English language learning. The findings of the study highlighted that learning through Facebook is new for English language learners and it is interested for English language learners. Learning through Facebook facilitate the English language learners and provide the English language learners opportunities to improve their vocabulary and get relevant information about the surrounding which are helpful  for them in English language learning process (Brady et al,  2010).    

Review of Literature

Online social media sources plays an important role in English language learning process because it facilitate learners to improve their learning of foreign or second language.  According to new modern approach outside the classroom conversation is more beneficial for English learners as compare to classroom discussion. Social media based language learning enables the EFL learners to get benefits from those  material which are already available on internet, and improve their language learning skills i.e. listening, speaking, reading, writing, and language learning competencies i.e. grammar competency and vocabulary building which using the various online sources (Krashen, 1988). You Tube is one the most important sites of social networking and play an important role in English language learning because the English learners may easily download videos from the You Tube and then they may learn English language from this video which are shared by teachers or other language exports for the help and support of the English language learners (Irfan et al, 2016).  The other important point regarding the You Tube application is that it is useful for English language teachers because the English language teachers use important video of English language in the classroom like video which are related to the pronunciation practice or different techniques which are used for language fluency and learners may get help from these video in order to improve their pronunciation, Grammar, vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading and writing skills of English language in a very easy and systematic manner (Brady et al,  2010).   

Throne, (2009) has reported that blogs are used for many purposes in respect of language learning. Teachers and learners both use Facebook for variety of purposes like language learning assessment, practice of English language vocabulary, repetition of words, and making sentences. Different topics may be discussed in blogs which is written in blogs and the EFL leaners may present their comments on various topics and paragraphs which improve the reading and writing skills of EFL learners. Hui-Ju Wu and Pai-Lu Wu (2011) also find the trend that blogging plays a pivotal role in language learning. He has highlighted in his research study that blogs play a dominant role in reading and writing skills development of English learners, but the importance of blogging may not be ignored in vocabulary development of English learners. Blogs help the English learners to develop vocabulary, increase reading speed, develop proper use of grammar and enhance the reading comprehension of the EFL learners (Steven, 2009).

Sykes et al. (2008) A also in their study revealed that computer-mediated communication tools are helpful in the study of language learning, and the practice of text-based chatting and multiple online gaming and mobile devices are also very helpful for them. Those learners who use social media sources like Facebook are more talented in reading and writing skills of English language because they do practice of reading and writing properly and use new words and vocabulary in writing skills (Bakar et al, 2010). 

It is not only difficult to utilize media sources in classroom activities but a challenge also like print media or electronic media but so far as the application of social media is concerned than we may not wrong to say that social media sources are useful and easy for English language learners like Facebook use or twitter etc. (Shirley Biagy, 1996) described that media plays an important role in Education and facilitate the learners in teaching learning process and help them to improve their vocabulary. Media is use for entertainment of learners and increases the potential of learners. There are a number of online sites through which the English learners may get help easily (Aydin, 2012).

Objectives of the Study

1. To find out the role of access to online social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level (across gender group). 

2. To find out the role of access to online social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level (across discipline). 

3. To make appropriate recommendations based on the findings of the study




Hypothesis of the Study   

4. There is no significant difference in access to online social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level. (Across gender group). 

1.

2. There is no significant difference in access to online social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level. (Across discipline).

Methodology

Population of the study was all the student of public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa enrolled in MA, M.Sc. programs session 2015-16. The study was descriptive in nature that is why self-developed questionnaire was used for the collection of data and finally data was collected from only 789 respondents both social sciences and pure sciences across gender groups. The researcher used one and same questionnaire for collection of data from the students of both social sciences and pure sciences. The validity and reliability of the modified questionnaire was checked in pilot study. The reliability of the questionnaire items were estimated with Cronbach’s Alpha. The data was collected through questionnaire in this way that the researcher explained orally the statements of questionnaire to the respondents and then the learners filled the questionnaires according to the given instruction and then the collected data was analyzed through statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, independent T-test. In order to perform these statistical tools the researcher used SPSS (version-24).

Results

Graph 1:




Table 1.   Use of Social Media Sources for English Language Vocabulary Development

In the above table 1 views of respondents regarding vocabulary development through use of social media sources are presented. Those learners who never use social media sources for English language vocabulary development are zero,  those who rarely use various social media sources for English language vocabulary development are 10 1.3%, those learners who use sometimes were 179, 22.7%, those learners who often use sociasl media sources for English language vocabulary development were 282, 35.7%, and those learners who always use various social media sources for English language vocabulary development were only 318 out of 789 which is 40.3%  of the total sample of population. Thus in light of the above detail it may not be wrong to say that most of learners use various social media sources for English language vocabulary development but still there are a large number of learners who are never use or rarely and or only sometime use social media sources for English language speaking skills development. 

 

Table 2. Usefulness of Social media Sources of English Language Vocabulary Development

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Scale Used width="78" valign="bottom"> Frequency width="72" valign="bottom"> Percent width="96" valign="bottom"> Valid Percent width="132" valign="bottom"> Cumulative Percent

Not at all helpful width="78"> 39 width="72"> 4.9 width="96"> 4.9 width="132"> 4.9

Slightly Helpful width="78"> 33 width="72"> 4.2 width="96"> 4.2 width="132"> 9.1

Somewhat  helpful width="78"> 109 width="72"> 13.8 width="96"> 13.8 width="132"> 22.9

very Helpful width="78"> 439 width="72"> 55.6 width="96"> 55.6 width="132"> 78.6

Extremely Helpful width="78"> 169 width="72"> 21.4 width="96"> 21.4 width="132"> 100.0

Total width="78"> 789 width="72"> 100.0 width="96"> 100.0 width="132" valign="top">

 

The above table 2 clearly indicated the views of learners regarding the improvement of English language vocabulary through online social media channels. The detail of learners are in light of five point likert scale are given below: Total number of responses regarding social media sources not at all helpful for English language vocabulary development were 39, 4.9%, slightly helpful were 33, 4.2%, somewhat helpful responses were 109, 13.8%, very helpful responses were 439, 55.6% and extremely helpful responses were 169, 21.4%.  Thus in light of the above views of the respondents it may not be wrong to say that social media sources are very helpful for English language vocabulary development.

 

Table 3. Usefulness of Social Media Sources for English Language Learning Across gender groups (t-test)

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English Language >Skills & Competencies width="97" valign="top"> Gender width="46" valign="top"> N width="74" valign="top"> Mean width="80" valign="top"> Std. Deviation width="51" valign="top"> F width="44" valign="top"> Sig.

>Vocabulary>Development width="97" valign="top"> Female Students width="46" valign="top"> 389 width="74" valign="top"> 4.0720 width="80" valign="top"> .84032 width="51" valign="top">   width="44" valign="top">

Male Students width="46" valign="top"> 400 width="74" valign="top"> 3.6200 width="80" valign="top"> 1.00654 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 41.542 width="44" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="46" valign="top"> 389 width="74" valign="top"> 3.9100 width="80" valign="top"> .87321

 

The above table 3 in vocabulary development male students mean 3.6200, female students mean 3.9100 std. deviation of male students 1.00654, and std. deviation of female students .87321, F-value 41.542, P-value is .000.

 

Table 4.  Usefulness of Social Media Sources for English Language Learning Across discipline

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English Language >Skills & Competencies width="99" valign="top"> Discipline width="51" valign="top"> N width="68" valign="top"> Mean width="101" valign="top"> Std. Deviation width="51" valign="top"> F width="51" valign="top"> Sig.

Vocabulary>Development width="99" valign="top"> Pure sciences width="51" valign="top"> 389 width="68" valign="top"> 3.8586 width="101" valign="top"> .92673 width="51" valign="top">   width="51" valign="top">

Social Sciences width="51" valign="top"> 390 width="68" valign="top"> 3.7744 width="101" valign="top"> 1.02682 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .326 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .568

Pure sciences width="51" valign="top"> 389 width="68" valign="top"> 3.7455 width="101" valign="top"> .88778

The above table 4 in vocabulary development social sciences students mean 3.7744, pure sciences students mean 3.7455 std. deviation of social sciences students 1.02682, std. deviation of pure sciences students .88778, F-value .326, and P-value is .568.

 

Table 5. Usefulness of Social Media Sources for English Language Learning Across gender groups (ANOVA)

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English Language >Skills & Competencies width="90" valign="top"> Gender Wise>Groups width="78" valign="top"> Sum of Squares width="36" valign="top"> df width="54" valign="top"> Mean Square width="48" valign="top"> F width="37" valign="top"> Sig.

Vocabulary >Development width="90" valign="top"> Between Groups width="78" valign="top"> 16.588 width="36" valign="top"> 1 width="54" valign="top"> 16.588 width="48" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 18.648 width="37" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Within Groups width="78" valign="top"> 700.091 width="36" valign="top"> 787 width="54" valign="top"> .890

Total width="78" valign="top"> 716.679 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="54" valign="top">   width="48" valign="top">   width="37" valign="top">

 

The above table 5 of ANOVA application showed the views of gender groups regarding the usefulness of various social media sources in English language skills and competencies development which the researcher has selected for this present study.  In vocabulary development sum of squares between groups 16.588 and within groups 700.091, total 716.679 mean square 16.588 and .890, F-value 18.648, P-value .000. Thus in the above table of ANOVA application there is significance in views of learners that is why the hypothesis were accepted that there is no significant difference between the views of male and female learners regarding usefulness of social media sources for English language skills and competencies development because in all statement p-value is .000 which is less than critical threshold 0.05. 

 

Table 6. Usefulness of Social Media Sources for English Language Learning Across gender groups (ANOVA)

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English Language >Skills & Competencies width="102" valign="top"> Discipline>Wise groups width="60" valign="top"> Sum of Squares width="54" valign="top"> df width="54" valign="top"> Mean Square width="36" valign="top"> F width="40" valign="top"> Sig.

width="102" valign="top"> Within Groups width="60" valign="top"> 741.367 width="54" valign="top"> 786 width="54" valign="top"> .943 width="36" rowspan="2" valign="top">   width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top">

Total width="60" valign="top"> 741.825 width="54" valign="top"> 788 width="54" valign="top">

>Vocabulary Development width="102" valign="top"> Between Groups width="60" valign="top"> .731 width="54" valign="top"> 2 width="54" valign="top"> .366 width="36" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">.401 width="40" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">.670

Within Groups width="60" valign="top"> 715.948 width="54" valign="top"> 786 width="54" valign="top"> .911

Total width="60" valign="top"> 716.679 width="54" valign="top"> 788 width="54" valign="top">

 

The above table 6 of ANOVA application reflected the views of discipline groups regarding the usefulness of various social media sources in English language skills and competencies development which the researcher had selected for this present study.  . In vocabulary development sum of squares between groups .731 and within groups 715.948, total 716.679 mean square .366 and .911, F-value .401, P-value .670. Thus in the above table of ANOVA application there is insignificance in views of learners that is why the hypothesis is rejected that there is no significant difference between the views of social sciences and pure sciences learners regarding usefulness of social media sources for English language skills and competencies development because p-value in all statements is greater than critical threshold 0.05.

 

Table 7. Effect of Social media Sources on English Language Vocabulary Development across Gender groups

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Questionnaire>statements width="75" valign="top"> Gender groups width="34" valign="top"> N width="63" valign="top"> Mean width="72" valign="top"> Std. Deviation width="60" valign="top"> df width="46" valign="top"> F width="40" valign="top"> Sig.

My vocabulary English language has increased due to the use of various social media sources. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 18.433 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2828 width="72" valign="top"> .63994 width="60" valign="top"> 775.346

Use of social media sources helped me to learn new vocabulary of English language. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1700 width="72" valign="top"> .59749 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 14.644 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2828 width="72" valign="top"> .63994 width="60" valign="top"> 779.757

I use social media sources to read my friends ’opinions about several issues in order to increase my vocabulary of English language. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 23.038 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.3008 width="72" valign="top"> .64578 width="60" valign="top"> 773.607

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 16.503 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2751 width="72" valign="top"> .63726 width="60" valign="top"> 776.110

I read different text materials by using social media sources to increase my English language vocabulary. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 14.620 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2674 width="72" valign="top"> .63448 width="60" valign="top"> 776.881

Social media sources may be used to increase my English language vocabulary. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 17.536 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2699 width="72" valign="top"> .64348 width="60" valign="top"> 774.303

Social media have become an important source of English language vocabulary development. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 18.201 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2725 width="72" valign="top"> .64440 width="60" valign="top"> 774.028

Social media is my first choice to find new learning strategies for my vocabulary building. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1825 width="72" valign="top"> .58742 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 15.049 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2828 width="72" valign="top"> .63994 width="60" valign="top"> 777.035

I use social media to get new information which improve my vocabulary of English language. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.4125 width="72" valign="top"> .69177 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 15.424 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.4344 width="72" valign="top"> .59113 width="60" valign="top"> 774.247

Social media is an important platform that allows us to improve our English language vocabulary. width="75" valign="top"> Male Students width="34" valign="top"> 400 width="63" valign="top"> 4.1725 width="72" valign="top"> .58189 width="60" valign="top"> 787 width="46" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 24.997 width="40" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Female Students width="34" valign="top"> 389 width="63" valign="top"> 4.2931 width="72" valign="top"> .65525 width="60" valign="top"> 770.594

 

The above table 7 of t-test application clearly indicates the views of university level learners across gender groups regarding the role of social media sources in English language vocabulary development. The results of the study in light here showed  that there was no significant difference between  the views of male and female learners because in all the above ten statements the F-value is greater than p-value like in first statement the F-value is 18.433, and P-value is .000, in second statement F-value is 14.644, and P-value is .000, in third statement F-value is 23.038, and P-value is .000, in fourth statement F-value is 16.503, and P-value is .000, in fifth statement F-value is 14.620, and P-value is .000,  in sixth statement F-value is 17.536, and P-value is .000, in seventh statement F-value is 18.201, and P-value is .000, in eight statement F-value is 15.049, and P-value is .000, in ninth  statement F-value is 15.424, and P-value is .000, in last statement F-value is 24.997, and P-value is .000.  Thus it is also accepted because p-value in all statements is .000 which is less than critical threshold 0.05. It showed that there is no significant difference in views of leaners regarding effect of various social media sources in English language vocabulary development across gender groups at university level.

 

Table 8.  Effect of Social media Sources on English Language Vocabulary Development across Discipline groups

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Questionnaire align="center">statements width="78" valign="top"> Discipline width="36" valign="top"> N width="48" valign="top"> Mean width="78" valign="top"> Std. Deviation width="49" valign="top"> df width="51" valign="top"> F width="38" valign="top"> Sig.

My vocabulary English language has increased due to the use of various social media sources. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1564 width="78" valign="top"> .69788 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 29.019 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3290 width="78" valign="top"> .47047 width="49" valign="top"> 682.242

Use of social media sources helped me to learn new vocabulary of English language. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1538 width="78" valign="top"> .71122 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 33.046 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3290 width="78" valign="top"> .47047 width="49" valign="top"> 674.946

I use social media sources to read my friends ’opinions about several issues in order to increase my vocabulary of English language. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1564 width="78" valign="top"> .69788 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 24.260 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3470 width="78" valign="top"> .47664 width="49" valign="top"> 687.230

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1487 width="78" valign="top"> .69403 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 24.865 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3290 width="78" valign="top"> .47047 width="49" valign="top"> 684.364

I read different text materials by using social media sources to increase my English language vocabulary. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1564 width="78" valign="top"> .69788 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 33.845 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3136 width="78" valign="top"> .46456 width="49" valign="top"> 677.375

Social media sources may be used to increase my English language vocabulary. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1462 width="78" valign="top"> .69643 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 24.339 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3265 width="78" valign="top"> .47499 width="49" valign="top"> 686.698

Social media have become an important source of English language vocabulary development. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1462 width="78" valign="top"> .70011 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 27.367 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3290 width="78" valign="top"> .47047 width="49" valign="top"> 681.018

Social media is my first choice to find new learning strategies for my vocabulary building. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1667 width="78" valign="top"> .70285 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 34.996 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3290 width="78" valign="top"> .47047 width="49" valign="top"> 679.513

I use social media to get new information which improve my vocabulary of English language. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3205 width="78" valign="top"> .71512 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 70.104 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.5630 width="78" valign="top"> .49666 width="49" valign="top"> 693.579

Social media is an important platform that allows us to improve our English language vocabulary. width="78" valign="top"> Social Sciences width="36" valign="top"> 390 width="48" valign="top"> 4.1564 width="78" valign="top"> .69788 width="49" valign="top"> 777 width="51" rowspan="2" valign="top"> 21.045 width="38" rowspan="2" valign="top"> .000

Pure sciences width="36" valign="top"> 389 width="48" valign="top"> 4.3393 width="78" valign="top"> .49013 width="49" valign="top"> 697.779

 

The above table 8 of t-test application clearly indicates the views of university level learners across discipline regarding the role of social media sources in English language vocabulary development. The results of the study in light here highlighted that there is no significant difference between  the views of social sciences  and pure sciences  learners because in all the above ten statements the F-value is greater than p-value like in first statement the F-value is 929.019, and P-value is .000, in second statement F-value is 33.046, and P-value is .000, in third statement F-value is 24.260, and P-value is .000, in fourth statement F-value is 24.865, and P-value is .000, in fifth statement F-value is 33.845, and P-value is .000,  in sixth statement F-value is 24.339, and P-value is .000, in seventh statement F-value is 27.367, and P-value is .000, in eight statement F-value is 34.996, and P-value is .000, in ninth  statement F-value is 70.104, and P-value is .000, in last statement F-value is 21.045, and P-value is .000,  thus it is accepted because p-value in all statements is .000 which is less than critical threshold 0.05 which shows the significance of results. It showed that there is no significant difference in social sciences and pure sciences leaners regarding effect of various social media sources in English language vocabulary development at university level.

 

Table 9.  Effect of Social media Sources on English Language Vocabulary Development across gender groups

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ANOVA

Questionnaire align="center">Statements width="105" valign="top"> Gender wise groups width="69" valign="top"> Sum of Squares width="47" valign="top"> df width="60" valign="top"> Mean Square width="48" valign="top"> F width="45" valign="top"> Sig.

My vocabulary English language has increased due to the use of various social media sources. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 2.398 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 2.398 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">6.420 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.011

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 293.992 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .374

Total width="69" valign="top"> 296.390 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

I use social media sources to read my friends ’opinions about several issues in order to increase my vocabulary of English language. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 2.508 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 2.508 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">6.551 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.011

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 301.335 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .383

Total width="69" valign="top"> 303.843 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 3.245 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 3.245 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">8.601 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.003

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 296.907 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .377

Total width="69" valign="top"> 300.152 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Social media sources may be used to increase my English language vocabulary. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 2.075 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 2.075 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">5.579 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.018

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 292.666 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .372

Total width="69" valign="top"> 294.740 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Social media have become an important source of English language vocabulary development. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 1.774 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 1.774 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">4.794 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.029

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 291.293 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .370

Total width="69" valign="top"> 293.067 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

I use social media to get new information which improve my vocabulary of English language. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 1.872 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 1.872 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">4.981 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.026

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 295.756 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .376

Total width="69" valign="top"> 297.627 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Social media is an important platform that allows us to improve our English language vocabulary.. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 1.972 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 1.972 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">5.239 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.022

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 296.213 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .376

Total width="69" valign="top"> 298.185 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Use of social media sources helped me to learn new vocabulary of English language. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 1.983 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 1.983 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">5.262 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.022

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 296.572 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .377

Total width="69" valign="top"> 298.555 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

I use social media sources to read my friends ’opinions about several issues in order to increase my vocabulary of English language. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> .095 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> .095 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">.229 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.632

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 326.516 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .415

Total width="69" valign="top"> 326.611 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="105" valign="top"> Between Groups width="69" valign="top"> 2.866 width="47" valign="top"> 1 width="60" valign="top"> 2.866 width="48" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">7.477 width="45" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.006

Within Groups width="69" valign="top"> 301.689 width="47" valign="top"> 787 width="60" valign="top"> .383

Total width="69" valign="top"> 304.555 width="47" valign="top"> 788 width="60" valign="top">

 

The above table 9 of one way ANOVA application shows the views of gender groups regarding the role of social media in English language vocabulary development at university level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The views of learners are collected in five point Likert scale Strongly Disagree to strongly agree. The results of the study here revealed  that there was insignificance in results of the above table  like in first statement the F-value is 6.420, and P-value is .011, in second statement F-value is 6.551, and P-value is .011, in third statement F-value is 8.601, and P-value is .003, in fourth statement F-value is 5.579, and P-value is .018, in fifth statement F-value is 4.794, and P-value is .029,  in sixth statement F-value is 4.981, and P-value is .026, in seventh statement F-value is 5.239, and P-value is .022, in eight statement F-value is 5.262, and P-value is .022, in ninth  statement F-value is .229, and P-value is .632, in last statement F-value is 7.477, and P-value is .006. Thus it is partially accepted because in some statements p-value is less than critical threshold but in rest of nine statements p-value is greater than critical threshold 0.05. It showed that there is significant difference in views of leaners between groups and within groups across gender groups regarding effect of various social media sources in English language vocabulary development at university level.

 

Table 10.  Effect of Social media Sources on English Language Vocabulary Development across Discipline groups

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

ANOVA

Questionnaire align="center">Statements width="111" valign="top"> Discipline align="center">Wise groups width="66" valign="top"> Sum of Squares width="36" valign="top"> df width="66" valign="top"> Mean Square width="54" valign="top"> F width="53" valign="top"> Sig.

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.050 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.525 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">30.045 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 275.341 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .350

Total width="66" valign="top"> 296.390 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.192 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.596 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">29.465 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 282.651 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .360

Total width="66" valign="top"> 303.843 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 22.544 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 11.272 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">31.915 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 277.608 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .353

Total width="66" valign="top"> 300.152 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.484 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.742 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">30.899 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top"> .000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 273.256 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .348

Total width="66" valign="top"> 294.740 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 19.870 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 9.935 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">28.584 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 273.197 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .348

Total width="66" valign="top"> 293.067 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.421 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.710 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">30.479 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 276.207 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .351

Total width="66" valign="top"> 297.627 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.634 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.817 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">30.744 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 276.551 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .352

Total width="66" valign="top"> 298.185 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 20.507 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.253 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">28.985 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 278.048 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .354

Total width="66" valign="top"> 298.555 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 31.968 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 15.984 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">42.640 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 294.643 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .375

Total width="66" valign="top"> 326.611 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

Social media is an important source for English language vocabulary development. width="111" valign="top"> Between Groups width="66" valign="top"> 21.888 width="36" valign="top"> 2 width="66" valign="top"> 10.944 width="54" rowspan="3" valign="top">   align="center">30.431 width="53" rowspan="3" valign="top">  >.000

Within Groups width="66" valign="top"> 282.667 width="36" valign="top"> 786 width="66" valign="top"> .360

Total width="66" valign="top"> 304.555 width="36" valign="top"> 788 width="66" valign="top">

 

The above table 4.70 of one way ANOVA application shows the views of discipline groups regarding the role of social media in English language vocabulary development at university level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The views of learners are collected in five point Likert scale Strongly Disagree to strongly agree. The results of the study highlighted that there was no significant  difference between  the views of social sciences and pure sciences  learners because in all the above ten statements the F-value is greater than p-value like in first statement the F-value is 30.045, and P-value is .000, in second statement F-value is 29.465, and P-value is .011, in third statement F-value is 31.915, and P-value is .000, in fourth statement F-value is 30.899, and P-value is .000, in fifth statement F-value is 28.584, and P-value is .000,  in sixth statement F-value is 30.479, and P-value is .000, in seventh statement F-value is 30.744, and P-value is .000, in eight statement F-value is 28.985, and P-value is .000, in ninth  statement F-value is 42,640, and P-value is .000, in last statement F-value is 30.431, and P-value is .000. Thus it is accepted because in all ten statements p-value is .000 which is less than critical threshold 0.05. It showed that there is no significant difference in social sciences and pure sciences leaners between groups and within groups regarding effect of various social media sources in English language vocabulary development at university level.

Finding / Results

• The findings of this study highlighted the importance of online social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

• The findings of the study highlighted that there is not a significant difference between the views of male and female learners regarding the usefulness of social media sources for English language vocabulary development at university level.

• The findings of the study highlighted that there is not a significant difference between the views of social sciences and pure sciences students regarding the use of social media for English language vocabulary development at university level.

• The findings of the study indicated that the use of social media sources for English language vocabulary development is not only positive in social sciences but also in pure sciences, and similarly, not only for male learners but also for female learners according the views of learners regarding access to online social media for English language vocabulary skills development at university level. 

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