GESR : Global Educational Studies Review

Contents Volume VI Issue IV ( 2021)

The SAMR Model and Bloom's Taxonomy as a Framework for Evaluating Technology Integration at University Level
Abstract:	The purpose of this study was to find out the difference in opinions of the tertiary level teachers regarding technology integration in teaching. The study used a survey method. Participants for data collection were 14% faculty of Social Sciences, Engineering, and Computer Science which were sampled through the proportional stratified sampling technique. The study used a self-developed question ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Zia Ur Rehman PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Wajeeha Aurangzeb Associate Professor, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	SAMR Model, Blooms' Revised Taxonomy, Technology Integration, ICT (Information and Communication Technology)
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).01	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).01
Page Nos:	1-11	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Application of Cooperative Learning Techniques to Academic Performance of 11th Class Civics Students
Abstract:	In comparison to traditional learning approaches, Cooperative Learning (CL) is a modern teaching strategy for improving academic performance. Educational institutions in the developed states, as compared to that of developing states, make effective use of CL techniques to enhance students academic achievements. This research is an attempt in that direction which is conducted on a sample of 70 m ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Jamal Shah Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Post Graduate College, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Imtiaz Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 3-Faqir Taj MPhil Scholar, Bacha Khan University Charsadda. KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Traditional Learning, Cooperative Learning, Learning Techniques, Academic Achievements, Positive Interdependence, Individual Responsibility, and Group Processing
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).02	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).02
Page Nos:	12-23	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Effect of Teachers' Self Efficacy and Instructional Strategies on Students' Enga..
Abstract:	The concept of self-efficacy was developed initially by Albert Bandura and has been defined as the personal belief that one can perform appropriately and effectively to attain specific goals related to any field. Self efficacy is a self-system that controls all our activities, including appropriate professional knowledge and skills.Teachers' self-efficacy is the belief that teachers have about the ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Sadia Khalid Phd Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Mumtaz Akhter Professor, University of Management % Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Teachers' Efficacy, Instructional Strategies, Students' Engagement
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).03	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).03
Page Nos:	24-33	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Exploring the Writing Challenges Faced by M.Phil. and Ph.D. Scholars: A Case Stu..
Abstract:	Academic writing plays a pivotal role in developing research proposals. The present study aimed to explore the grammatical errors that M.Phil/PhDs scholars commit in academic writing. The present study employed a qualitative case study designed to explore the challenges in the English language faced by the M.Phil and PhDs scholars. The 20 Ph.D. and 36 M.Phil scholars were selected by busing purpos ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Hina Iqbal Ph.D Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Saeed Former Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	-
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).04	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).04
Page Nos:	34-41	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Level of Inclusive Leadership Qualities of a Leader: A Perceptions of the Teach..
Abstract:	In this study, teachers' perceptions of leaders' inclusive leadership skills were examined to improve their work performance. This study employed a survey research design of a quantitative approach. A sample of 389 teachers of public universities of Sindh, Pakistan, was drawn through a stratified random sampling technique. This study revealed that the heads could play a fundamental role in teache ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Lubna Oad PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2-S Khurram Khan Alwi Associate Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Inclusive Leadership, Tertiary Teachers, Current Practices, Teachers' Performance
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).05	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).05
Page Nos:	42-53	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Inquiry-Based Learning Practices for Science Teaching in Elementary Grades: A L..
Abstract:	Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is a student-centered approach of instruction that aims at increasing students' active engagement and their skills of investigation, reflection, and critical thinking within real-world expressions and practices. This literature review includes mostly those research studies in which a quasi-experimental approach was used, followed by a ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mahmood Ahmed Dool PhD Scholar, (SZABIST)/ Assistant Professor, Department of Education, IBA Community College, Near PCB Ground, Shikarpur Road, Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan 2-Naeem Akhtar Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 3-Najmunnisa Khan Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Education, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Keywords:	Inquiry-based Learning, Science Literacy, Scientific Skills, Student-Centered Learning, Elementary Grade
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).06	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).06
Page Nos:	54-63	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Educating Dropouts in Rural Areas: Capacity Building of Teacher Trainers..
Abstract:	This study was designed to explore the effectiveness of training, which was arranged for the capacity building of trainers of teachers. These trainers were further responsible for the training of teachers who were teaching dropped out girls in the rural areas of Pakistan. This capacity-building training consisted of the trainers' professional development and subject knowledge enhancement. The ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rukhsana Durrani Lecturer, ECE and ETE-Allama Iqbal open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Humaira Akram Teaching and Research Associate, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Shamsa Kanwal Field Coordinator, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Dropped Out, Education, Capacity Building, Trainer Training
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).07	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).07
Page Nos:	64-72	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Gender-Based Analysis of Locus of Control among University Teachers..
Abstract:	The purpose of the present study was to analyze the gender difference with the locus of control among university teachers. The major objective of this research was to explore gender-based analysis among university teachers regarding the locus of control. All public sector university teachers of Islamabad were the population of this study. A simple random sampling technique was ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Benazir Ayesha Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan 2-Shazia Zamir Assistant Professor, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Locus of Control, Gender, University Teachers
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).08	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).08
Page Nos:	73-80	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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A Phenomenological Exploration of School Leadership Development Programme: Impr..
Abstract:	The major driver of the phenomenology research was to explore the lived experiences of school heads about the School Leadership Development Programme (SLDP) in improved practices of leadership in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in public sector schools of Punjab. The sample of the study was based on the geographical distribution of the province of Pu ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Samia Saleem Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Saeed Former Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	School Leadership Development Programme, Effective, School Heads
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).09	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).09
Page Nos:	81-90	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Sexual Harassment in Universities: Situational Analysis in Pakistan..
Abstract:	The purpose of the study was to analyze "sexual harassment and its psychological effects on the students at the university level." The objectives of the study were to identify the awareness and the causes of sexual harassment among university students. The main purpose of the study was to identify the factors that caused the increasing rate of sexual harassment in educational instit ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Farah Latif Naz Lecturer, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Shabiha Anjum Research Scholar (Ph.D.), Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Mozza Masood Research Scholar (M.Phil), Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Harassment, Women, University, Students
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).10	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).10
Page Nos:	91-101	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Impact of Teacher Professional Characteristics on Students' Academic Achievemen..
Abstract:	This research paper investigated the effect of teachers' professional characteristics on students’ academic achievement in secondary schools of district Bannu. The population of the study constituted all public secondary schools of district Bannu. For a collection of data and generalization of results, 600 respondents were taken as a sample. The sample was drawn by using the Stratif ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abid Khan Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2-Rahmatullah Shah Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 3-Gulap Shahzada Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Academic Achievement, Characteristics, Teacher, Profession
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).11	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).11
Page Nos:	102-110	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Teachers' Mindful Conception about the Use of STEM Education at Secondary School Level
Abstract:	A nation's progress rests on its people, and current economic growth conditions demand high-quality education. Modern science education has been superseded by STEM education. The objectives were 1) to find out secondary school teachers' awareness about the use of STEM-based education and its challenges and the relationship between teachers' understanding and use of STEM at the secondary school lev ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Khadija Rafeeq MS (Scholar), Department of Education, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Qasim Ali Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Naveed Zainab MS (Scholar), Department of Education, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	STEM Education, Secondary School Level, Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).12	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).12
Page Nos:	111-120	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Cooperative Learning: Effect on Prospective Teachers' Metacognitive Skills Development at University Level
Abstract:	This study was conducted while using the Quasi-Experimental design to examine the effect of Cooperative learning on prospective teachers' Meta cognitive skills. The sample for this study included two sections/ groups, each comprising 40 students (40 males 40 females=80) enrolled in the fifth Semester of the B.Ed Honors program in a public university. One of the sections was ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar Ali PhD Scholar, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Associate Professor, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Naila Zarar PhD Scholar, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Cooperative Learning, Prospective Teachers, Metacognition, Metacognitive Skills
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).13	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).13
Page Nos:	121-128	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Availability of Special Education Related Services and Incentives for Children with Special Needs in Government Special Education Centres in Punjab: A Survey of Parental Perception
Abstract:	Parents' involvement in the rehabilitation process is very important. Parental views about the availability of related services and incentives are the significant indicators of their required particular needs. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of available related services and incentives in special education centers and to highlight their specific and sug ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghazala Yasmeen Ph.D Scholar, Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2-Azhar Mumtaz Saadi Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Related Services, Incentives, Four Disabilities, Parental Perception
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).14	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).14
Page Nos:	129-141	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Conflict Management Practices of University Teachers
Abstract:	This study was conducted to explore the conflict management practices of the University of Sargodha. All the teachers of the University of Sargodha teaching undergraduate programs were the population of the study. Twelve departments were randomly selected, and 120 teachers teaching undergraduates were selected for the sample. A self-developed conflict management practices scale discussed wi ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mushtaq Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Naveed Khalid Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Farah Shafiq Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Student-teacher Conflict, Conflict Management Practices, University Teachers
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).15	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).15
Page Nos:	142-150	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Critical Discourse Analysis of Nelson Mandela's Political Speeches
Abstract:	Discourse refers to a dire system related to the meaning or a set of statements that are organized systematically which gives distinct meaning and identity of an institution or society. CDA is related to the analysis of both spoken and written forms in the lens of elegant and expansive practicing a particular social setting such as domination, hegemony, racial discrimination, as well as a violatio ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shumaila Roohi Lecturer, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Asif School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, China. 3-Rana Imran Ali Faculty of English, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Modern Linguistics, Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), Nelson Mandela
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).16	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).16
Page Nos:	151-162	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Microteaching: An Effective Stratagem for Novice Teachers of English Language
Abstract:	Pedagogy plays a paramount role in academics for effective teaching and learning. Micro teaching is a pedagogical tool used to augment the teaching skills of novice or pre service teachers of schools, colleges, and universities, imparting quality education to students. It eulogizes teaching techniques and strategies to gain learning outcomes through planned lessons. This research aims at explorin ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abdullah Laghari Lecturer, Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. 2-Inayatullah Kakepoto Professor, Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. 3-Faheem Arshad Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Microteaching, Reflection, Feedback, Pedagogy, Novice Teachers
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).17	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).17
Page Nos:	163-173	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Impact of Community of Practice (COPs) on Inter-University Research Partnerships and Socio-Collaborative Culture in Balochistan
Abstract:	Foundations of Higher Education (HE), public and private, are going through a critical state while going through subsidizing or funding cuts, educational cost increments, and layoffs. An all-encompassing methodology is fundamental whereby greatness in instructing and learning just as research examination ought to be a definitive point of the objective. Among the different app ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghazala Yaqoob MS Scholar, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2-Saubia Ramzan Dean, Faculty of Management Sciences, Business and IT, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan 3-Nagina Gul Assistant Professor of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Knowledge Management, Community of Practice, Academic Alliance, Research Partnership, Research Collaborative Environment, Socio-collaborative Culture
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).18	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).18
Page Nos:	174– 185	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Effectiveness of Process-Oriented Approach in the Development of English Writing Skills of Undergraduate Students
Abstract:	Writing is an essential part of second language learning, and students face many problems while learning about writing. The objective of this study is to figure out the problems faced by the students while writing. This mixed-method study investigates the effect of the process-oriented approach in developing writing skills among eighty undergraduate students of the first semester at ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rukhshanda Mushtaq Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Wah (UW), Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Naveed Ahmad Taseer MPhil English, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan/Mphil Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Uzma Khalid Ghori Department of Education, University of Wah (UW), Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Process-oriented Approach, Language Learning, Writing Skills, Undergraduate Students, Essay Writing
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).19	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).19
Page Nos:	186– 194	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Perception of University Students Regarding the Role of Quality Enhancement Cells in the Universities of KP
Abstract:	The Prime aim of this study was to examine and scrutinize the perception of university students concerning the main objective of quality enhancement cells in enhancing the quality of education in the HEIs of KP. The study was conducted by cross-sectional survey design. A sample of 300 MPhil and Ph.D. scholars were collected from different universities of KP. For the collection of th ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mariam Mahsood PhD Scholar Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Malik Amer Atta Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Sajid Anwar Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Perceived Quality Enhancement, Education Level (MPhil/PhD), Gender
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).20	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).20
Page Nos:	195 –205	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and Quality Education of Primary School Teachers: A Quantitative Study in Lahore, Punjab
Abstract:	CPD programme provides teachers' training to in-service teachers according to their needs and requirements for the enhancement of quality education. The current study aimed to find out the effect of CPD on quality education of Primary School Teachers' training programmes. The main purpose of the CPD program was to polish the pedagogical skills, content knowledge, and competenci ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Abbas PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Saba Tariq M.Phil Graduate (Physics), University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Jamil Lecturer (Education), Government College Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Continuous Professional Development (CPD), Competencies, Pedagogical Skills, Content Knowledge, Quality Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).21	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).21
Page Nos:	206–212	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Mobility across One Belt One Road Regions: Influencing Factors towards Internationalization and Practices of Foreign Students at China
Abstract:	Aim of the current research study is to identify influencing factors for the mobility of international students, issues with consideration of potential prospects to China across One Belt One Road Regions. Employing qualitative research method, 27 international students studying at two universities in Wuhan, China were selected- data collected through convenience sampling based on thematic via semi ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Anwer Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Ghizer Campus Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2-Nagina Gul Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITMES), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan 3-Mumtaz Gul Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
Keywords:	China, International Students, Influencing Factor
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).22	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).22
Page Nos:	213– 225	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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Impact of Sports Activities on Developing Purpose among College Level Students
Abstract:	The aim of this study was to find out how sports impact students' purpose development. The study comprised all students (N=1197) who engaged in college-level sports activities in Bannu Division. A simple sampling approach was used to select students (N=60) from the population for the study. Data was collected using self-developed questionnaires. SPSS-26 was used to analyse the data. Multiple regre ...Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Dil Faraz Khan Ph.D Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sciences and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2-SR Ghazi Professor, Department of Education, University of Sciences and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 3-Rahmat Ullah Shah Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Sciences and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	College Level, Developing Purpose, Impact, Sports Activities
DOI Number:	10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).23	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(VI-IV).23
Page Nos:	226– 237	Volume & Issue:	VI-IV
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